Learning by lectures in a transnational university in China

Integration and resistance during the transition from high school to university

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32674/9va9d022

Keywords:

Lectures; student experience; transnational education; Sino-foreign cooperative university; attendance; first year transition

Abstract

This multiyear study investigates how first-year undergraduates make sense of large content lectures during their transition from domestic high schools to a transnational university in China. Grounded in a view of learning and teaching practices as interactional accomplishments, the data collection included lecture observations, focus groups, and interviews with 34 students across three academic years, as well as an additional interview with departmental leadership. A qualitative content analysis revealed how students positioned lectures as knowledge hubs, spaces for sociality, and objects of resistance. While many students valued lectures for their informative qualities and opportunities for socialization, others actively resisted lectures by leveraging the affordances of technology when they perceived lectures as not contributing to their learning. These patterns are interpreted through the lens of the glocal nature of a transnational site and the interactional nature of lectures, where teachers’ and students’ practices intersect. The study contributes to scholarship on lecturing and student transition by highlighting the diversity of student experiences in large content lectures and reframing engagement as an alignment between students’ and teachers’ practices. The study yields practical recommendations for critically rethinking lectures at a transnational site to ensure alignment among all parties involved.

Author Biography

  • Mattia Miani, University of Nottingham (China campus)

    Mattia Miani is Deputy Head at the Centre for English Language Education of the University of Nottingham Ningbo China (UNNC), where he overseas academic literacies courses and digital learning. Before joining UNNC, he worked for 6 years in Vietnam at RMIT University holding a variety of roles: lecturer, manager of enterprise and executive education and manager of co-curricular education. He is a Lord Dearing award recipient for his innovative teaching practices (2020) and a Senior Fellow of the Higher Education Academy. He researches in the fields of transnational education, creative thinking and professional training/development. His latest publications have appeared in Higher Education Quarterly, Research Comparative and International Education, Journal of Chinese Education, and Chinese Education & Society where he co-edited a special issue on transnational education in China.  

References

Barkley, E. F., & Major, C. H. (2018). Interactive lecturing: A handbook for college faculty. Jossey-Bass.

Bligh, D. A. (2000). What’s the use of lectures? (1st US ed.). Jossey-Bass.

Cash, C. B., Letargo, J., Graether, S. P., & Jacobs, S. R. (2017). An analysis of the perceptions and resources of large university classes. CBE Life Sciences Education, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.16-01-0004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.16-01-0004

Dai, K., Matthews, K. E., & Reyes, V. (2020). Chinese students’ assessment and learning experiences in a transnational higher education programme. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 45(1), 70–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2019.1608907 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2019.1608907

Deslauriers, L., McCarty, L. S., Miller, K., Callaghan, K., & Kestin, G. (2019). Measuring actual learning versus feeling of learning in response to being actively engaged in the classroom. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(39), 19251–19257. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1821936116 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1821936116

Duffy, L. P., & Lin, B. (2026). “It’s easier talking to a machine”: Privacy, motivation, and the underuse of English language labs in a Sino-foreign university in China. Journal of International Students, 16(10), 89–104. https://doi.org/10.32674/g5wkva87 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/g5wkva87

El Bialy, S., Jay, M., Hebert, Y., Manhas, N., & Karol, D. (2022). To lecture or not to lecture, that is the question! Modern medical and nursing students’ perceptions regarding lectures and lecture attendance at the University of Ottawa. University of Ottawa Journal of Medicine, 11(S5). https://doi.org/10.18192/uojm.v11is5.4986 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18192/uojm.v11iS5.4986

Fox, J. M. (2020). Chinese students’ experiences transitioning from an intensive English program to a U.S. University. Journal of International Students, 10(4), 1064–1086. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v10i4.1191 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v10i4.1191

Freeman, S., Eddy, S. L., McDonough, M., Smith, M. K., Okoroafor, N., Jordt, H., & Wenderoth, M. P. (2014). Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111(23), 8410–8415. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1319030111 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1319030111

French, S., & Kennedy, G. (2017). Reassessing the value of university lectures. Teaching in Higher Education, 22(6), 639–654. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2016.1273213 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2016.1273213

Fulford, A., & Mahon, Á. (2020). A philosophical defence of the university lecture. Oxford Review of Education, 46(3), 363–374. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2019.1702013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2019.1702013

Hamnett, C., Hua, S., & Bingjie, L. (2019). The reproduction of regional inequality through university access: The Gaokao in China. Area Development and Policy, 4(3), 252–270. https://doi.org/10.1080/23792949.2018.1559703 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23792949.2018.1559703

Jones, J., Fleischer, S., McNair, A., & Masika, R. (2020). The International Foundation Year and first year transition: Building capital, evolving habitus, developing belonging, preparing for success. Teaching in Higher Education, 25(1), 36–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2018.1541879 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2018.1541879

Kaur, A., Noman, M., Zhang, S., & Baafi, M. A. (2025). Examining the psychological constructs for independent learning of undergraduates in Sino-foreign universities in China. International Journal of Chinese Education, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2212585X251350418 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2212585X251350418

Kemmis, S., Edwards-Groves, C., & Grootenboer, P. (2025). Reframing learning. Changing practices, sites, histories, lives. Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003581710

Kemmis, S., Edwards-Groves, C., Jakhelln, R., Choy, S., Wärvik, G. B., Torkildsen, L. G., & Arkenback-Sundström, C. (2020). Teaching as pedagogical praxis. In K. Mahon, C. Edwards-Groves, S. Francisco, M. Kaukko, S. Kemmis, & K. Petrie (Eds.), Pedagogy, education, and praxis in critical times (pp. 85–116). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6926-5_5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6926-5_5

Kemmis, S., Wilkinson, J., Edwards-Groves, C., Hardy, I., Grootenboer, P., & Bristol, L. (2014). Changing practices, changing education. Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4560-47-4

Knight, J. (2016). Transnational education remodeled: Toward a common TNE framework and definitions. Journal of Studies in International Education, 20(1), 34–47. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315315602927 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315315602927

Kozanitis, A., & Nenciovici, L. (2023). Effect of active learning versus traditional lecturing on the learning achievement of college students in humanities and social sciences: A meta-analysis. Higher Education, 86(6), 1377–1394. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-022-00977-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-022-00977-8

Lai, M., & Jung, J. (2025). Internationalisation with Chinese characteristics: Exploring the paradox in students’ experiences at Sino-foreign cooperative universities. Studies in Higher Education, 50(7), 1514–1527. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2024.2386409 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2024.2386409

Laurillard, D. (2002). Rethinking university teaching (2nd ed.). RoutledgeFalmer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203304846

Leech, S., & Hale, S. (Eds.). (2024). Foundation years and why they matter. Emerald. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/9781837972128

Liu, D., Wimpenny, K., DeWinter, A., & Harrison, P. (2023). Students’ perceptions and experiences of teaching and learning in transnational higher education in China: implications of the intercultural dialogue framework. Teaching in Higher Education, 28(7), 1465–1483. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2021.1900817 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2021.1900817

Loughlin, C., & Lindberg-Sand, Å. (2023). The use of lectures: Effective pedagogy or seeds scattered on the wind? Higher Education, 85(2), 283–299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-022-00833-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-022-00833-9

Luo, P., & Zhang, X. (2026). “Disillusioned expectations”: The impact of expectations on university belonging among students in Sino-foreign cooperative education institutions. Journal of International Students, 16(7), 69–90. https://doi.org/10.32674/pjv4qm97 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/pjv4qm97

Macnaghten, P., & Myers, G. (2004). Focus groups. In C. Seale, D. Silverman, J. F. Gubrium, & G. Gobo (Eds.), Qualitative research practice (pp. 65–79). Sage. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781848608191.d8

Meguid, E. A., & Collins, M. (2017). Students’ perceptions of lecturing approaches: Traditional versus interactive teaching. Advances in Medical Education and Practice, 8, 229–241.

https://doi.org/10.2147/AMEP.S131851 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/AMEP.S131851

Miani, M. (2025). A glocal perspective on Sino-foreign cooperative universities. International Journal of Chinese Education, 14(3), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/2212585X251386134 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2212585X251386134

Miani, M. (2026). Glocal tensions in transnational higher education in China: The case of a foundation year in a Sino‐foreign cooperative university. Higher Education Quarterly, 80(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/hequ.70085 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/hequ.70085

Miani, M., & Picucci-Huang, S.-C. (2023). Collaborative transnational education in China: A scoping review of emerging research trajectories (2016–2023). Chinese Education & Society, 56(5–6), 309–330. https://doi.org/10.1080/10611932.2024.2303913 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10611932.2024.2303913

Noman, M., Kaur, A., Mullick, J., & Ran, L. (2023). Navigating new terrain: First-year Chinese students’ transitionary experiences in a Sino-US joint venture university in China. International Journal of Chinese Education, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2212585X231175167 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2212585X231175167

Ó Cofaigh, É., & Rodgers, O. (2025). Does anyone still want to go to lectures? Student perceptions of the face-to-face lecture in an Irish university. Irish Educational Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/03323315.2025.2453737 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03323315.2025.2453737

Panadero, E., & Järvelä, S. (2015). Socially shared regulation of learning: A review. European Psychologist, 20(3), 190–203. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000226 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000226

Picucci-Huang, S.-C., Miani, M., & Smith, R. (2025). Two is better than one? A case study of co-teaching in a transnational university in China. Research in Comparative and International Education, 20(3), 372–396. https://doi.org/10.1177/17454999251343808 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/17454999251343808

Ramsden, P. (2003). Learning to teach in higher education (2nd ed.). RoutledgeFalmer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203507711

Saldaña, J. (2009). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. Sage.

Schmidt, H. G., Wagener, S. L., Smeets, G. A. C. M., Keemink, L. M., & Van Der Molen, H. T. (2015). On the use and misuse of lectures in higher education. Health Professions Education, 1(1), 12–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpe.2015.11.010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpe.2015.11.010

Schreier, M. (2012). Qualitative content analysis in practice. Sage. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781529682571

Taylor, J. (2026). Adapting practice in Chinese transnational education: Insights from faculty and learners. Higher Education Quarterly, 80(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/hequ.70086 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/hequ.70086

Tsang, A., & Harris, D. M. (2016). Faculty and second-year medical student perceptions of active learning in an integrated curriculum. Advances in Physiology Education, 40, 446–453.

https://doi.org/10.1152/advan.00079.2016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1152/advan.00079.2016

Xu, Z. (2023). Whiteness as world-class education?: Internationalization as depicted by Western international branch campuses in China. Higher Education, 85(4), 919–936. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-022-00872-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-022-00872-2

Yan, Z., & Sendall, P. (2016). First year experience: How we can better assist first-year international students in higher education. Journal of International Students, 6(1), 35–51. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v6i1.395 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v6i1.395

Yu, J. (2021). Consuming UK transnational higher education in China: A Bourdieusian approach to Chinese students’ perceptions and experiences. Sociological Research Online, 26(1), 222–239.

https://doi.org/10.1177/1360780420957040 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1360780420957040

Zeng, X. (2023). Investigating the possibility of change within the transnational higher education in China using a Freirean study of the promise of critical pedagogy. Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies, 21(3), 189–226. http://www.jceps.com/archives/16147

Zhang, Y. (2023). Student evaluation of Sino-foreign cooperative universities: From the perspective of internationalization of higher education. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 43(4), 1107–1124.

https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2021.2008872 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2021.2008872

Zimmerman, B. J. (2002). Becoming a self-regulated learner: An overview. Theory into Practice, 41(2), 64–70.

https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip4102_2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip4102_2

Zuo, H., Guo, Y., McDougall, J., & Zhang, W. (2022). Study abroad at home: First-year undergraduates’ socialization into the community of practice in a Sino-America cooperative education institute in China. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 44(4), 993–1008.

https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2022.2056578 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2022.2056578

Downloads

Published

2026-06-15

Issue

Section

Research Articles (English, regular edition)

Categories

How to Cite

Miani, M. (2026). Learning by lectures in a transnational university in China: Integration and resistance during the transition from high school to university. Journal of International Students, 16(15), 121-140. https://doi.org/10.32674/9va9d022